什么是物联网（Internet of Things）？
物联网（Internet of Things）是一个基于互联网、传统电信网等信息承载体，让所有能够被独立寻址的普通物理对象实现互联互通的网络，也就是说可以将各种信息传感设备，如射频识别装置、红外感应器、全球定位系统、激光扫描器等种种装置与互联网结合起来而形成的一个巨大网络。其目的是让所有的物品都与网络连接在一起，方便识别和管理。它具有普通对象设备化、自治终端互联化和普适服务智能化3个重要特征。
物联网（Internet of Things）指的是将无处不在（Ubiquitous）的末端设备（Devices）和设施（Facilities），包括具备“内在智能”的传感器、移动终端、工业系统、楼控系统、家庭智能设施、视频监控系统等和“外在使能”（Enabled）的，如贴上RFID的各种资产（Assets）、携带无线终端的个人与车辆等“智能化物件或动物”或“智能尘埃”（Mote），通过各种无线/有线的长距离/短距离通讯网络实现互联互通（M2M）、应用大集成（Grand Integration）、以及基于云计算的SaaS营运等模式，提供安全可控乃至个性化的实时在线监测、定位追溯、报警联动、调度指挥、预案管理、远程控制、安全防范、远程维保、在线升级、统计报表、决策支持、 桌面（集中展示的Cockpit Dashboard）等管理和服务功能，实现对“万物”的“高效、节能、安全、环保”的“管、控、营”一体化。
频率的应用范围 Application Range of Frequency
NFC: 13.56MHz，近距离无线通讯技术，由非接触式射频识别(RFID)演变而来，主要应用于金融支付、交通、广告、图书出版等市场;
NFC: 13.56MHz, short-range wireless communication technology, evolved from contactless radio frequency identification (RFID), mainly used in financial payment, transportation, advertising, book publishing and other markets;
FM: 国际频段76-108MHz，中国为88-108MHz，日本为76-90MHz；事实上FM也是一种调制方式，即使在短波范围内的27-30MHz之间，做为业余电台、太空、人造卫星通讯应用的波段；
FM: International frequency band 76-108MHz, China 88-108MHz, Japan 76-90MHz; in fact, FM is also a modulation method, even can be 27-30MHz in the short-wave range, used as amateur radio, space, satellite bands for communication applications;
天线遥控： 315MHz(国内)，433MHz(国外)，868MHz具有通讯距离远、覆盖范围广的特点，主要应用于智能家居市场;
Antenna remote control: 315MHz (domestic), 433MHz (foreign), 868MHz has the characteristics of long communication distance and wide coverage, mainly used in the smart home market;
DVB： 460-870MHz，是数字电视频段；
DVB: 460-870MHz, which is the digital TV frequency band;
Lora： 433/470-510/868/915MHz。LoRa技术具有远距离、低功耗（电池寿命长）、多节点、低成本的特性。
Lora: 433/470-510/868/915MHz. LoRa technology has the characteristics of long distance, low power consumption (long battery life), multiple nodes, and low cost.
RFID: 又称无线射频识别，是一种通信技术，俗称电子标签。可通过无线电讯号识别特定目标并读写相关数据，而无需识别系统与特定目标之间建立机械或光学接触。适用于短距离识别通信。
中国840-845/920-925MHz。台湾922-928MHz。香港865-868/920-928MHz。欧洲865.6-867.6MHz。美国902-928MHz。日本952-954MHz。韩国908-910/910-914MHz加拿大，墨西哥902-928MHz。
RFID: Also known as radio frequency identification, it is a communication technology commonly known as electronic tags. Radio signals can be used to identify specific targets and read and write related data without the need to establish mechanical or optical contact between the identification system and the specific targets. Suitable for short-distance identification communication.
China 840-845/920-925MHz. Taiwan 922-928MHz. Hong Kong 865-868/920-928MHz. Europe 865.6-867.6MHz. United States 902-928MHz. Japan 952-954MHz. South Korea 908-910, Canada 910-914MHz, Mexico 902-928MHz.
NB-IOT： 窄带物联网（Narrow Band internet of Things，NB-IOT)是由3GPP（《第三代伙伴计划协议》）标准化组织定义的一种技术标准，是一种专为物联网设计的窄带射频技术，通常应用于智能停车场、智能抄表、物流追踪器等等。
NB-IOT: Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IOT) is a technical standard defined by the 3GPP ("3rd Generation Partnership Project Agreement") standardization organization, and is a narrowband RF technology designed specifically for the Internet of Things，which is commonly used in smart parking lots, smart meter reading, logistics trackers, etc.
2G: 850/900/1800/1900MHz，第二代通信技术的简称，以数字语音传输技术为核心。
2G: 850/900/1800/1900MHz, the abbreviation of the second-generation communication technology, with digital voice transmission technology as the core.
蓝牙： 2.4~2.485GHz，实现固定设备、移动设备和楼宇, 个人域网之间的短距离数据交换
Bluetooth: 2.4~2.485GHz, to realize short distance data exchange between fixed equipment, mobile equipment and building, wireless personal area network
WiFi：2.4G或5.8G；2.4G优点是抗衰减能力强，穿墙能力不错，但干扰偏多，稳定性略差；5G优点是抗干扰能力强，吞吐率高，但穿墙能力差，信号衰减大
WiFi: 2.4G or 5.8G; the advantage of 2.4G is that it has strong anti-attenuation ability and good wall penetration ability, but the interference is too much and the stability is slightly poor; the advantage of 5G is that it has strong anti-interference ability and high throughput rate, but the wall penetration ability is poor, large signal attenuation
3G: 850/900/1800/1900/2100MHz，第三代通信技术的简称，支持高速数据传输。
3G: 850/900/1800/1900/2100MHz, short for third-generation communication technology, supports high-speed data transmission.
4G: 700-2700MHz，第四代通讯技术的简称，拥有的超高数据传输速度，是物联网设备高速对话的基石。
4G: 700-2700MHz, the abbreviation of the fourth generation of communication technology, has an ultra-high data transmission speed, which is the cornerstone of high-speed dialogue of IoT devices.
5G: 3300-3600MHz和4800-5000MHz，5G网络将是4G网络的真正升级版，5G并不会完全替代4G、WiFi，而是将4G、WiFi等网络融入其中，为用户带来更为丰富的体验。
5G: 3300-3600MHz and 4800-5000MHz, 5G network will be a truly upgraded version of 4G network, it will not completely replace 4G / WiFi, but will integrate 4G, WiFi and other networks into it to bring users more abundant experience.
